diff --git a/base/flow/test/inputs/json/misc/ed095.json/default/TopLevel.js b/head/flow/test/inputs/json/misc/ed095.json/default/TopLevel.js
index 6f30be0..b4c27ce 100644
--- a/base/flow/test/inputs/json/misc/ed095.json/default/TopLevel.js
+++ b/head/flow/test/inputs/json/misc/ed095.json/default/TopLevel.js
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 // These functions will throw an error if the JSON doesn't
 // match the expected interface, even if the JSON is valid.
 
+export type TopLevel = { [key: string]: string };
+
 // Converts JSON strings to/from your types
 // and asserts the results of JSON.parse at runtime
 function toTopLevel(json: string): { [key: string]: string } {
diff --git a/base/flow/test/inputs/json/priority/no-classes.json/default/TopLevel.js b/head/flow/test/inputs/json/priority/no-classes.json/default/TopLevel.js
index f833518..ec78e76 100644
--- a/base/flow/test/inputs/json/priority/no-classes.json/default/TopLevel.js
+++ b/head/flow/test/inputs/json/priority/no-classes.json/default/TopLevel.js
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 // These functions will throw an error if the JSON doesn't
 // match the expected interface, even if the JSON is valid.
 
-type TopLevel = number;
+export type TopLevel = number;
 
 // Converts JSON strings to/from your types
 // and asserts the results of JSON.parse at runtime
diff --git a/head/schema-cjson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.c b/head/schema-cjson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0627bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-cjson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.c
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/**
+ * TopLevel.c
+ * This file has been autogenerated using quicktype https://github.com/quicktype/quicktype - DO NOT EDIT
+ */
+
+#include "TopLevel.h"
+
+struct TopLevel * cJSON_ParseTopLevel(const char * s) {
+    struct TopLevel * x = NULL;
+    if (NULL != s) {
+        cJSON * j = cJSON_Parse(s);
+        if (NULL != j) {
+            x = cJSON_GetTopLevelValue(j);
+            cJSON_Delete(j);
+        }
+    }
+    return x;
+}
+
+struct TopLevel * cJSON_GetTopLevelValue(const cJSON * j) {
+    struct TopLevel * x = NULL;
+    if (NULL != j) {
+        if (NULL != (x = cJSON_malloc(sizeof(struct TopLevel)))) {
+            memset(x, 0, sizeof(struct TopLevel));
+            x->value = hashtable_create(64, false);
+            if (NULL != x->value) {
+                cJSON * e = NULL;
+                cJSON_ArrayForEach(e, j) {
+                    hashtable_add(x->value, e->string, (void *)0xDEADBEEF, sizeof(void *));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return x;
+}
+
+cJSON * cJSON_CreateTopLevel(const struct TopLevel * x) {
+    cJSON * j = NULL;
+    if (NULL != x) {
+        if (NULL != x->value) {
+            j = cJSON_CreateObject();
+            if (NULL != j) {
+                char **keys = NULL;
+                size_t count = hashtable_get_keys(x->value, &keys);
+                if (NULL != keys) {
+                    for (size_t index = 0; index < count; index++) {
+                        void *x2 = hashtable_lookup(x->value, keys[index]);
+                    }
+                    cJSON_free(keys);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return j;
+}
+
+char * cJSON_PrintTopLevel(const struct TopLevel * x) {
+    char * s = NULL;
+    if (NULL != x) {
+        cJSON * j = cJSON_CreateTopLevel(x);
+        if (NULL != j) {
+            s = cJSON_Print(j);
+            cJSON_Delete(j);
+        }
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+void cJSON_DeleteTopLevel(struct TopLevel * x) {
+    if (NULL != x) {
+        if (NULL != x->value) {
+            char **keys = NULL;
+            size_t count = hashtable_get_keys(x->value, &keys);
+            if (NULL != keys) {
+                for (size_t index = 0; index < count; index++) {
+                    void *x2 = hashtable_lookup(x->value, keys[index]);
+                    if (NULL != x2) {
+                        (x2);
+                    }
+                }
+                cJSON_free(keys);
+            }
+            hashtable_release(x->value);
+        }
+        cJSON_free(x);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-cjson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.h b/head/schema-cjson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e5a82e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-cjson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ * TopLevel.h
+ * This file has been autogenerated using quicktype https://github.com/quicktype/quicktype - DO NOT EDIT
+ * This file depends of https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON, https://github.com/joelguittet/c-list and https://github.com/joelguittet/c-hashtable
+ * To parse json data from json string use the following: struct <type> * data = cJSON_Parse<type>(<string>);
+ * To get json data from cJSON object use the following: struct <type> * data = cJSON_Get<type>Value(<cjson>);
+ * To get cJSON object from json data use the following: cJSON * cjson = cJSON_Create<type>(<data>);
+ * To print json string from json data use the following: char * string = cJSON_Print<type>(<data>);
+ * To delete json data use the following: cJSON_Delete<type>(<data>);
+ */
+
+#ifndef __TOPLEVEL_H__
+#define __TOPLEVEL_H__
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <cJSON.h>
+#include <hashtable.h>
+#include <list.h>
+
+#ifndef cJSON_Bool
+#define cJSON_Bool (cJSON_True | cJSON_False)
+#endif
+#ifndef cJSON_Map
+#define cJSON_Map (1 << 16)
+#endif
+#ifndef cJSON_Enum
+#define cJSON_Enum (1 << 17)
+#endif
+
+struct TopLevel {
+    hashtable_t * value;
+};
+
+struct TopLevel * cJSON_ParseTopLevel(const char * s);
+struct TopLevel * cJSON_GetTopLevelValue(const cJSON * j);
+cJSON * cJSON_CreateTopLevel(const struct TopLevel * x);
+char * cJSON_PrintTopLevel(const struct TopLevel * x);
+void cJSON_DeleteTopLevel(struct TopLevel * x);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __TOPLEVEL_H__ */
diff --git a/head/schema-cplusplus/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.hpp b/head/schema-cplusplus/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45c4afd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-cplusplus/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//  To parse this JSON data, first install
+//
+//      json.hpp  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+//  Then include this file, and then do
+//
+//     TopLevel data = nlohmann::json::parse(jsonString);
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "json.hpp"
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <regex>
+
+namespace quicktype {
+    using nlohmann::json;
+
+    #ifndef NLOHMANN_UNTYPED_quicktype_HELPER
+    #define NLOHMANN_UNTYPED_quicktype_HELPER
+    inline json get_untyped(const json & j, const char * property) {
+        if (j.find(property) != j.end()) {
+            return j.at(property).get<json>();
+        }
+        return json();
+    }
+
+    inline json get_untyped(const json & j, std::string property) {
+        return get_untyped(j, property.data());
+    }
+    #endif
+
+    using TopLevel = std::map<std::string, nlohmann::json>;
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-csharp/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/QuickType.cs b/head/schema-csharp/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/QuickType.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20e07a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-csharp/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/QuickType.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// <auto-generated />
+//
+// To parse this JSON data, add NuGet 'Newtonsoft.Json' then do:
+//
+//    using QuickType;
+//
+//    var topLevel = TopLevel.FromJson(jsonString);
+#nullable enable
+#pragma warning disable CS8618
+#pragma warning disable CS8601
+#pragma warning disable CS8602
+#pragma warning disable CS8603
+#pragma warning disable CS8604
+#pragma warning disable CS8625
+#pragma warning disable CS8765
+
+namespace QuickType
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+    using System.Globalization;
+    using Newtonsoft.Json;
+    using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters;
+
+    public class TopLevel
+    {
+        public static Dictionary<string, object> FromJson(string json) => JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, object>>(json, QuickType.Converter.Settings);
+    }
+
+    public static partial class Serialize
+    {
+        public static string ToJson(this Dictionary<string, object> self) => JsonConvert.SerializeObject(self, QuickType.Converter.Settings);
+    }
+
+    internal static partial class Converter
+    {
+        public static readonly JsonSerializerSettings Settings = new JsonSerializerSettings
+        {
+            MetadataPropertyHandling = MetadataPropertyHandling.Ignore,
+            DateParseHandling = DateParseHandling.None,
+            Converters =
+            {
+                new IsoDateTimeConverter { DateTimeStyles = DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal }
+            },
+        };
+    }
+}
+#pragma warning restore CS8618
+#pragma warning restore CS8601
+#pragma warning restore CS8602
+#pragma warning restore CS8603
+#pragma warning restore CS8604
+#pragma warning restore CS8625
+#pragma warning restore CS8765
diff --git a/head/schema-csharp-SystemTextJson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/QuickType.cs b/head/schema-csharp-SystemTextJson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/QuickType.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b1b62e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-csharp-SystemTextJson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/QuickType.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// <auto-generated />
+//
+// To parse this JSON data, add NuGet 'System.Text.Json' then do:
+//
+//    using QuickType;
+//
+//    var topLevel = TopLevel.FromJson(jsonString);
+#nullable enable
+#pragma warning disable CS8618
+#pragma warning disable CS8601
+#pragma warning disable CS8602
+#pragma warning disable CS8603
+
+namespace QuickType
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+    using System.Text.Json;
+    using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+    using System.Globalization;
+
+    public class TopLevel
+    {
+        public static Dictionary<string, object> FromJson(string json) => JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, object>>(json, QuickType.Converter.Settings);
+    }
+
+    public static partial class Serialize
+    {
+        public static string ToJson(this Dictionary<string, object> self) => JsonSerializer.Serialize(self, QuickType.Converter.Settings);
+    }
+
+    internal static partial class Converter
+    {
+        public static readonly JsonSerializerOptions Settings = new(JsonSerializerDefaults.General)
+        {
+            Converters =
+            {
+                new DateOnlyConverter(),
+                new TimeOnlyConverter(),
+                IsoDateTimeOffsetConverter.Singleton
+            },
+        };
+    }
+    
+    public class DateOnlyConverter : JsonConverter<DateOnly>
+    {
+        private readonly string serializationFormat;
+        public DateOnlyConverter() : this(null) { }
+
+        public DateOnlyConverter(string? serializationFormat)
+        {
+                this.serializationFormat = serializationFormat ?? "yyyy-MM-dd";
+        }
+
+        public override DateOnly Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+                var value = reader.GetString();
+                return DateOnly.Parse(value!);
+        }
+
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, DateOnly value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+                => writer.WriteStringValue(value.ToString(serializationFormat));
+    }
+
+    public class TimeOnlyConverter : JsonConverter<TimeOnly>
+    {
+        private readonly string serializationFormat;
+
+        public TimeOnlyConverter() : this(null) { }
+
+        public TimeOnlyConverter(string? serializationFormat)
+        {
+                this.serializationFormat = serializationFormat ?? "HH:mm:ss.fff";
+        }
+
+        public override TimeOnly Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+                var value = reader.GetString();
+                return TimeOnly.Parse(value!);
+        }
+
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, TimeOnly value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+                => writer.WriteStringValue(value.ToString(serializationFormat));
+    }
+
+    internal class IsoDateTimeOffsetConverter : JsonConverter<DateTimeOffset>
+    {
+        public override bool CanConvert(Type t) => t == typeof(DateTimeOffset);
+
+        private const string DefaultDateTimeFormat = "yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss.FFFFFFFK";
+
+        private DateTimeStyles _dateTimeStyles = DateTimeStyles.RoundtripKind;
+        private string? _dateTimeFormat;
+        private CultureInfo? _culture;
+
+        public DateTimeStyles DateTimeStyles
+        {
+                get => _dateTimeStyles;
+                set => _dateTimeStyles = value;
+        }
+
+        public string? DateTimeFormat
+        {
+                get => _dateTimeFormat ?? string.Empty;
+                set => _dateTimeFormat = (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) ? null : value;
+        }
+
+        public CultureInfo Culture
+        {
+                get => _culture ?? CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
+                set => _culture = value;
+        }
+
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, DateTimeOffset value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+                string text;
+
+
+                if ((_dateTimeStyles & DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal) == DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal
+                        || (_dateTimeStyles & DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal) == DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal)
+                {
+                        value = value.ToUniversalTime();
+                }
+
+                text = value.ToString(_dateTimeFormat ?? DefaultDateTimeFormat, Culture);
+
+                writer.WriteStringValue(text);
+        }
+
+        public override DateTimeOffset Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+                string? dateText = reader.GetString();
+
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(dateText) == false)
+                {
+                        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(_dateTimeFormat))
+                        {
+                                return DateTimeOffset.ParseExact(dateText, _dateTimeFormat, Culture, _dateTimeStyles);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                                return DateTimeOffset.Parse(dateText, Culture, _dateTimeStyles);
+                        }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                        return default(DateTimeOffset);
+                }
+        }
+
+
+        public static readonly IsoDateTimeOffsetConverter Singleton = new IsoDateTimeOffsetConverter();
+    }
+}
+#pragma warning restore CS8618
+#pragma warning restore CS8601
+#pragma warning restore CS8602
+#pragma warning restore CS8603
diff --git a/head/schema-dart/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.dart b/head/schema-dart/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb45db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-dart/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// To parse this JSON data, do
+//
+//     final topLevel = topLevelFromJson(jsonString);
+
+import 'dart:convert';
+
+Map<String, dynamic> topLevelFromJson(String str) => Map.from(json.decode(str)).map((k, v) => MapEntry<String, dynamic>(k, v));
+
+String topLevelToJson(Map<String, dynamic> data) => json.encode(Map.from(data).map((k, v) => MapEntry<String, dynamic>(k, v)));
diff --git a/head/schema-elm/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/QuickType.elm b/head/schema-elm/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/QuickType.elm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d3a75f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-elm/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/QuickType.elm
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+-- To decode the JSON data, add this file to your project, run
+--
+--     elm install NoRedInk/elm-json-decode-pipeline
+--
+-- add these imports
+--
+--     import Json.Decode exposing (decodeString)
+--     import QuickType exposing (quickType)
+--
+-- and you're off to the races with
+--
+--     decodeString quickType myJsonString
+
+module QuickType exposing
+    ( QuickType
+    , quickTypeToString
+    , quickType
+    )
+
+import Json.Decode as Jdec
+import Json.Decode.Pipeline as Jpipe
+import Json.Encode as Jenc
+import Dict exposing (Dict)
+
+type alias QuickType = Dict String Jdec.Value
+
+-- decoders and encoders
+
+quickType : Jdec.Decoder QuickType
+quickType = Jdec.dict Jdec.value
+
+quickTypeToString : QuickType -> String
+quickTypeToString r = Jenc.encode 0 (Jenc.dict identity identity r)
+
+--- encoder helpers
+
+makeNullableEncoder : (a -> Jenc.Value) -> Maybe a -> Jenc.Value
+makeNullableEncoder f m =
+    case m of
+    Just x -> f x
+    Nothing -> Jenc.null
diff --git a/head/schema-flow/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.js b/head/schema-flow/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3448cd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-flow/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+// @flow
+
+// To parse this data:
+//
+//   const Convert = require("./TopLevel");
+//
+//   const topLevel = Convert.toTopLevel(json);
+//
+// These functions will throw an error if the JSON doesn't
+// match the expected interface, even if the JSON is valid.
+
+export type TopLevel = { [key: string]: mixed };
+
+// Converts JSON strings to/from your types
+// and asserts the results of JSON.parse at runtime
+function toTopLevel(json: string): { [key: string]: mixed } {
+    return cast(JSON.parse(json), m("any"));
+}
+
+function topLevelToJson(value: { [key: string]: mixed }): string {
+    return JSON.stringify(uncast(value, m("any")), null, 2);
+}
+
+function invalidValue(typ: any, val: any, key: any, parent: any = '') {
+    const prettyTyp = prettyTypeName(typ);
+    const parentText = parent ? ` on ${parent}` : '';
+    const keyText = key ? ` for key "${key}"` : '';
+    throw Error(`Invalid value${keyText}${parentText}. Expected ${prettyTyp} but got ${JSON.stringify(val)}`);
+}
+
+function prettyTypeName(typ: any): string {
+    if (Array.isArray(typ)) {
+        if (typ.length === 2 && typ[0] === undefined) {
+            return `an optional ${prettyTypeName(typ[1])}`;
+        } else {
+            return `one of [${typ.map(a => { return prettyTypeName(a); }).join(", ")}]`;
+        }
+    } else if (typeof typ === "object" && typ.literal !== undefined) {
+        return typ.literal;
+    } else {
+        return typeof typ;
+    }
+}
+
+function jsonToJSProps(typ: any): any {
+    if (typ.jsonToJS === undefined) {
+        const map: any = {};
+        typ.props.forEach((p: any) => map[p.json] = { key: p.js, typ: p.typ });
+        typ.jsonToJS = map;
+    }
+    return typ.jsonToJS;
+}
+
+function jsToJSONProps(typ: any): any {
+    if (typ.jsToJSON === undefined) {
+        const map: any = {};
+        typ.props.forEach((p: any) => map[p.js] = { key: p.json, typ: p.typ });
+        typ.jsToJSON = map;
+    }
+    return typ.jsToJSON;
+}
+
+function transform(val: any, typ: any, getProps: any, key: any = '', parent: any = ''): any {
+    function transformPrimitive(typ: string, val: any): any {
+        if (typeof typ === typeof val) return val;
+        return invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    }
+
+    function transformUnion(typs: any[], val: any): any {
+        // val must validate against one typ in typs
+        const l = typs.length;
+        for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+            const typ = typs[i];
+            try {
+                return transform(val, typ, getProps);
+            } catch (_) {}
+        }
+        return invalidValue(typs, val, key, parent);
+    }
+
+    function transformEnum(cases: string[], val: any): any {
+        if (cases.indexOf(val) !== -1) return val;
+        return invalidValue(cases.map(a => { return l(a); }), val, key, parent);
+    }
+
+    function transformArray(typ: any, val: any): any {
+        // val must be an array with no invalid elements
+        if (!Array.isArray(val)) return invalidValue(l("array"), val, key, parent);
+        return val.map(el => transform(el, typ, getProps));
+    }
+
+    function transformDate(val: any): any {
+        if (val === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        const d = new Date(val);
+        if (isNaN(d.valueOf())) {
+            return invalidValue(l("Date"), val, key, parent);
+        }
+        return d;
+    }
+
+    function transformObject(props: { [k: string]: any }, additional: any, val: any): any {
+        if (val === null || typeof val !== "object" || Array.isArray(val)) {
+            return invalidValue(l(ref || "object"), val, key, parent);
+        }
+        const result: any = {};
+        Object.getOwnPropertyNames(props).forEach(key => {
+            const prop = props[key];
+            const v = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(val, key) ? val[key] : undefined;
+            result[prop.key] = transform(v, prop.typ, getProps, key, ref);
+        });
+        Object.getOwnPropertyNames(val).forEach(key => {
+            if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(props, key)) {
+                result[key] = transform(val[key], additional, getProps, key, ref);
+            }
+        });
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    if (typ === "any") return val;
+    if (typ === null) {
+        if (val === null) return val;
+        return invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    }
+    if (typ === false) return invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    let ref: any = undefined;
+    while (typeof typ === "object" && typ.ref !== undefined) {
+        ref = typ.ref;
+        typ = typeMap[typ.ref];
+    }
+    if (Array.isArray(typ)) return transformEnum(typ, val);
+    if (typeof typ === "object") {
+        return typ.hasOwnProperty("unionMembers") ? transformUnion(typ.unionMembers, val)
+            : typ.hasOwnProperty("arrayItems")    ? transformArray(typ.arrayItems, val)
+            : typ.hasOwnProperty("props")         ? transformObject(getProps(typ), typ.additional, val)
+            : invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    }
+    // Numbers can be parsed by Date but shouldn't be.
+    if (typ === Date && typeof val !== "number") return transformDate(val);
+    return transformPrimitive(typ, val);
+}
+
+function cast<T>(val: any, typ: any): T {
+    return transform(val, typ, jsonToJSProps);
+}
+
+function uncast<T>(val: T, typ: any): any {
+    return transform(val, typ, jsToJSONProps);
+}
+
+function l(typ: any) {
+    return { literal: typ };
+}
+
+function a(typ: any) {
+    return { arrayItems: typ };
+}
+
+function u(...typs: any[]) {
+    return { unionMembers: typs };
+}
+
+function o(props: any[], additional: any) {
+    return { props, additional };
+}
+
+function m(additional: any) {
+    const props: any[] = [];
+    return { props, additional };
+}
+
+function r(name: string) {
+    return { ref: name };
+}
+
+const typeMap: any = {
+};
+
+module.exports = {
+    "topLevelToJson": topLevelToJson,
+    "toTopLevel": toTopLevel,
+};
diff --git a/base/schema-flow/test/inputs/schema/top-level-primitive.schema/default/TopLevel.js b/head/schema-flow/test/inputs/schema/top-level-primitive.schema/default/TopLevel.js
index ba211a8..eacea5b 100644
--- a/base/schema-flow/test/inputs/schema/top-level-primitive.schema/default/TopLevel.js
+++ b/head/schema-flow/test/inputs/schema/top-level-primitive.schema/default/TopLevel.js
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 /**
  * Top level primitive
  */
-type TopLevel = number;
+export type TopLevel = number;
 
 // Converts JSON strings to/from your types
 // and asserts the results of JSON.parse at runtime
diff --git a/head/schema-golang/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.go b/head/schema-golang/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4968a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-golang/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Code generated from JSON Schema using quicktype. DO NOT EDIT.
+// To parse and unparse this JSON data, add this code to your project and do:
+//
+//    topLevel, err := UnmarshalTopLevel(bytes)
+//    bytes, err = topLevel.Marshal()
+
+package main
+
+import "encoding/json"
+
+type TopLevel map[string]interface{}
+
+func UnmarshalTopLevel(data []byte) (TopLevel, error) {
+	var r TopLevel
+	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &r)
+	return r, err
+}
+
+func (r *TopLevel) Marshal() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(r)
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-java/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/Converter.java b/head/schema-java/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/Converter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30abc17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-java/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/Converter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// To use this code, add the following Maven dependency to your project:
+//
+//
+//     com.fasterxml.jackson.core     : jackson-databind          : 2.9.0
+//     com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype : jackson-datatype-jsr310   : 2.9.0
+//
+// Import this package:
+//
+//     import io.quicktype.Converter;
+//
+// Then you can deserialize a JSON string with
+//
+//     Map<String, Object> data = Converter.fromJsonString(jsonString);
+
+package io.quicktype;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.module.SimpleModule;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
+import java.time.OffsetTime;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatterBuilder;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
+
+public class Converter {
+    // Date-time helpers
+
+    private static final DateTimeFormatter DATE_TIME_FORMATTER = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME)
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_OFFSET_DATE_TIME)
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_INSTANT)
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SX"))
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ssX"))
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))
+            .toFormatter()
+            .withZone(ZoneOffset.UTC);
+
+    public static OffsetDateTime parseDateTimeString(String str) {
+        return ZonedDateTime.from(Converter.DATE_TIME_FORMATTER.parse(str)).toOffsetDateTime();
+    }
+
+    private static final DateTimeFormatter TIME_FORMATTER = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_TIME)
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_OFFSET_TIME)
+            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.YEAR, 2020)
+            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 1)
+            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1)
+            .toFormatter()
+            .withZone(ZoneOffset.UTC);
+
+    public static OffsetTime parseTimeString(String str) {
+        return ZonedDateTime.from(Converter.TIME_FORMATTER.parse(str)).toOffsetDateTime().toOffsetTime();
+    }
+    // Serialize/deserialize helpers
+
+    public static Map<String, Object> fromJsonString(String json) throws IOException {
+        return getObjectReader().readValue(json);
+    }
+
+    public static String toJsonString(Map<String, Object> obj) throws JsonProcessingException {
+        return getObjectWriter().writeValueAsString(obj);
+    }
+
+    private static ObjectReader reader;
+    private static ObjectWriter writer;
+
+    private static void instantiateMapper() {
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+        mapper.findAndRegisterModules();
+        mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
+        SimpleModule module = new SimpleModule();
+        module.addDeserializer(OffsetDateTime.class, new JsonDeserializer<OffsetDateTime>() {
+            @Override
+            public OffsetDateTime deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
+                String value = jsonParser.getText();
+                return Converter.parseDateTimeString(value);
+            }
+        });
+        mapper.registerModule(module);
+        reader = mapper.readerFor(Map.class);
+        writer = mapper.writerFor(Map.class);
+    }
+
+    private static ObjectReader getObjectReader() {
+        if (reader == null) instantiateMapper();
+        return reader;
+    }
+
+    private static ObjectWriter getObjectWriter() {
+        if (writer == null) instantiateMapper();
+        return writer;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-java/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/TopLevel.java b/head/schema-java/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/TopLevel.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..027cb40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-java/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/TopLevel.java
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package io.quicktype;
+
+public class TopLevel {
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-java-datetime-legacy/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/Converter.java b/head/schema-java-datetime-legacy/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/Converter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb3edca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-java-datetime-legacy/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/Converter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// To use this code, add the following Maven dependency to your project:
+//
+//
+//     com.fasterxml.jackson.core     : jackson-databind          : 2.9.0
+//
+//
+// Import this package:
+//
+//     import io.quicktype.Converter;
+//
+// Then you can deserialize a JSON string with
+//
+//     Map<String, Object> data = Converter.fromJsonString(jsonString);
+
+package io.quicktype;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.module.SimpleModule;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+
+public class Converter {
+    // Date-time helpers
+
+    private static final String[] DATE_TIME_FORMATS = {
+            "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SX",
+            "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.S",
+            "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssX",
+            "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss",
+            "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SX",
+            "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.S",
+            "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ssX",
+            "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",
+            "HH:mm:ss.SZ",
+            "HH:mm:ss.S",
+            "HH:mm:ssZ",
+            "HH:mm:ss",
+            "yyyy-MM-dd",
+    };
+
+    public static Date parseAllDateTimeString(String str) {
+        for (String format : DATE_TIME_FORMATS) {
+            try {
+                return new SimpleDateFormat(format).parse(str);
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                // Ignored
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static String serializeDateTime(Date datetime) {
+        return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'hh:mm:ssZ").format(datetime);
+    }
+
+    public static String serializeDate(Date datetime) {
+        return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(datetime);
+    }
+
+    public static String serializeTime(Date datetime) {
+        return new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm:ssZ").format(datetime);
+    }
+    // Serialize/deserialize helpers
+
+    public static Map<String, Object> fromJsonString(String json) throws IOException {
+        return getObjectReader().readValue(json);
+    }
+
+    public static String toJsonString(Map<String, Object> obj) throws JsonProcessingException {
+        return getObjectWriter().writeValueAsString(obj);
+    }
+
+    private static ObjectReader reader;
+    private static ObjectWriter writer;
+
+    private static void instantiateMapper() {
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+        mapper.findAndRegisterModules();
+        mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
+        SimpleModule module = new SimpleModule();
+        module.addDeserializer(Date.class, new JsonDeserializer<Date>() {
+            @Override
+            public Date deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
+                String value = jsonParser.getText();
+                return Converter.parseAllDateTimeString(value);
+            }
+        });
+        module.addDeserializer(Date.class, new JsonDeserializer<Date>() {
+            @Override
+            public Date deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
+                String value = jsonParser.getText();
+                return Converter.parseAllDateTimeString(value);
+            }
+        });
+        module.addDeserializer(Date.class, new JsonDeserializer<Date>() {
+            @Override
+            public Date deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
+                String value = jsonParser.getText();
+                return Converter.parseAllDateTimeString(value);
+            }
+        });
+        mapper.registerModule(module);
+        reader = mapper.readerFor(Map.class);
+        writer = mapper.writerFor(Map.class);
+    }
+
+    private static ObjectReader getObjectReader() {
+        if (reader == null) instantiateMapper();
+        return reader;
+    }
+
+    private static ObjectWriter getObjectWriter() {
+        if (writer == null) instantiateMapper();
+        return writer;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-java-datetime-legacy/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/TopLevel.java b/head/schema-java-datetime-legacy/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/TopLevel.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..027cb40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-java-datetime-legacy/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/TopLevel.java
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package io.quicktype;
+
+public class TopLevel {
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-java-lombok/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/Converter.java b/head/schema-java-lombok/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/Converter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30abc17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-java-lombok/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/Converter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// To use this code, add the following Maven dependency to your project:
+//
+//
+//     com.fasterxml.jackson.core     : jackson-databind          : 2.9.0
+//     com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype : jackson-datatype-jsr310   : 2.9.0
+//
+// Import this package:
+//
+//     import io.quicktype.Converter;
+//
+// Then you can deserialize a JSON string with
+//
+//     Map<String, Object> data = Converter.fromJsonString(jsonString);
+
+package io.quicktype;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.module.SimpleModule;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
+import java.time.OffsetTime;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatterBuilder;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
+
+public class Converter {
+    // Date-time helpers
+
+    private static final DateTimeFormatter DATE_TIME_FORMATTER = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME)
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_OFFSET_DATE_TIME)
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_INSTANT)
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SX"))
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ssX"))
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))
+            .toFormatter()
+            .withZone(ZoneOffset.UTC);
+
+    public static OffsetDateTime parseDateTimeString(String str) {
+        return ZonedDateTime.from(Converter.DATE_TIME_FORMATTER.parse(str)).toOffsetDateTime();
+    }
+
+    private static final DateTimeFormatter TIME_FORMATTER = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_TIME)
+            .appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_OFFSET_TIME)
+            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.YEAR, 2020)
+            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 1)
+            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1)
+            .toFormatter()
+            .withZone(ZoneOffset.UTC);
+
+    public static OffsetTime parseTimeString(String str) {
+        return ZonedDateTime.from(Converter.TIME_FORMATTER.parse(str)).toOffsetDateTime().toOffsetTime();
+    }
+    // Serialize/deserialize helpers
+
+    public static Map<String, Object> fromJsonString(String json) throws IOException {
+        return getObjectReader().readValue(json);
+    }
+
+    public static String toJsonString(Map<String, Object> obj) throws JsonProcessingException {
+        return getObjectWriter().writeValueAsString(obj);
+    }
+
+    private static ObjectReader reader;
+    private static ObjectWriter writer;
+
+    private static void instantiateMapper() {
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+        mapper.findAndRegisterModules();
+        mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
+        SimpleModule module = new SimpleModule();
+        module.addDeserializer(OffsetDateTime.class, new JsonDeserializer<OffsetDateTime>() {
+            @Override
+            public OffsetDateTime deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
+                String value = jsonParser.getText();
+                return Converter.parseDateTimeString(value);
+            }
+        });
+        mapper.registerModule(module);
+        reader = mapper.readerFor(Map.class);
+        writer = mapper.writerFor(Map.class);
+    }
+
+    private static ObjectReader getObjectReader() {
+        if (reader == null) instantiateMapper();
+        return reader;
+    }
+
+    private static ObjectWriter getObjectWriter() {
+        if (writer == null) instantiateMapper();
+        return writer;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-java-lombok/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/TopLevel.java b/head/schema-java-lombok/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/TopLevel.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..027cb40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-java-lombok/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/src/main/java/io/quicktype/TopLevel.java
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package io.quicktype;
+
+public class TopLevel {
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-javascript/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.js b/head/schema-javascript/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9964485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-javascript/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// To parse this data:
+//
+//   const Convert = require("./TopLevel");
+//
+//   const topLevel = Convert.toTopLevel(json);
+//
+// These functions will throw an error if the JSON doesn't
+// match the expected interface, even if the JSON is valid.
+
+// Converts JSON strings to/from your types
+// and asserts the results of JSON.parse at runtime
+function toTopLevel(json) {
+    return cast(JSON.parse(json), m("any"));
+}
+
+function topLevelToJson(value) {
+    return JSON.stringify(uncast(value, m("any")), null, 2);
+}
+
+function invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent = '') {
+    const prettyTyp = prettyTypeName(typ);
+    const parentText = parent ? ` on ${parent}` : '';
+    const keyText = key ? ` for key "${key}"` : '';
+    throw Error(`Invalid value${keyText}${parentText}. Expected ${prettyTyp} but got ${JSON.stringify(val)}`);
+}
+
+function prettyTypeName(typ) {
+    if (Array.isArray(typ)) {
+        if (typ.length === 2 && typ[0] === undefined) {
+            return `an optional ${prettyTypeName(typ[1])}`;
+        } else {
+            return `one of [${typ.map(a => { return prettyTypeName(a); }).join(", ")}]`;
+        }
+    } else if (typeof typ === "object" && typ.literal !== undefined) {
+        return typ.literal;
+    } else {
+        return typeof typ;
+    }
+}
+
+function jsonToJSProps(typ) {
+    if (typ.jsonToJS === undefined) {
+        const map = {};
+        typ.props.forEach((p) => map[p.json] = { key: p.js, typ: p.typ });
+        typ.jsonToJS = map;
+    }
+    return typ.jsonToJS;
+}
+
+function jsToJSONProps(typ) {
+    if (typ.jsToJSON === undefined) {
+        const map = {};
+        typ.props.forEach((p) => map[p.js] = { key: p.json, typ: p.typ });
+        typ.jsToJSON = map;
+    }
+    return typ.jsToJSON;
+}
+
+function transform(val, typ, getProps, key = '', parent = '') {
+    function transformPrimitive(typ, val) {
+        if (typeof typ === typeof val) return val;
+        return invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    }
+
+    function transformUnion(typs, val) {
+        // val must validate against one typ in typs
+        const l = typs.length;
+        for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+            const typ = typs[i];
+            try {
+                return transform(val, typ, getProps);
+            } catch (_) {}
+        }
+        return invalidValue(typs, val, key, parent);
+    }
+
+    function transformEnum(cases, val) {
+        if (cases.indexOf(val) !== -1) return val;
+        return invalidValue(cases.map(a => { return l(a); }), val, key, parent);
+    }
+
+    function transformArray(typ, val) {
+        // val must be an array with no invalid elements
+        if (!Array.isArray(val)) return invalidValue(l("array"), val, key, parent);
+        return val.map(el => transform(el, typ, getProps));
+    }
+
+    function transformDate(val) {
+        if (val === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        const d = new Date(val);
+        if (isNaN(d.valueOf())) {
+            return invalidValue(l("Date"), val, key, parent);
+        }
+        return d;
+    }
+
+    function transformObject(props, additional, val) {
+        if (val === null || typeof val !== "object" || Array.isArray(val)) {
+            return invalidValue(l(ref || "object"), val, key, parent);
+        }
+        const result = {};
+        Object.getOwnPropertyNames(props).forEach(key => {
+            const prop = props[key];
+            const v = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(val, key) ? val[key] : undefined;
+            result[prop.key] = transform(v, prop.typ, getProps, key, ref);
+        });
+        Object.getOwnPropertyNames(val).forEach(key => {
+            if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(props, key)) {
+                result[key] = transform(val[key], additional, getProps, key, ref);
+            }
+        });
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    if (typ === "any") return val;
+    if (typ === null) {
+        if (val === null) return val;
+        return invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    }
+    if (typ === false) return invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    let ref = undefined;
+    while (typeof typ === "object" && typ.ref !== undefined) {
+        ref = typ.ref;
+        typ = typeMap[typ.ref];
+    }
+    if (Array.isArray(typ)) return transformEnum(typ, val);
+    if (typeof typ === "object") {
+        return typ.hasOwnProperty("unionMembers") ? transformUnion(typ.unionMembers, val)
+            : typ.hasOwnProperty("arrayItems")    ? transformArray(typ.arrayItems, val)
+            : typ.hasOwnProperty("props")         ? transformObject(getProps(typ), typ.additional, val)
+            : invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    }
+    // Numbers can be parsed by Date but shouldn't be.
+    if (typ === Date && typeof val !== "number") return transformDate(val);
+    return transformPrimitive(typ, val);
+}
+
+function cast(val, typ) {
+    return transform(val, typ, jsonToJSProps);
+}
+
+function uncast(val, typ) {
+    return transform(val, typ, jsToJSONProps);
+}
+
+function l(typ) {
+    return { literal: typ };
+}
+
+function a(typ) {
+    return { arrayItems: typ };
+}
+
+function u(...typs) {
+    return { unionMembers: typs };
+}
+
+function o(props, additional) {
+    return { props, additional };
+}
+
+function m(additional) {
+    const props = [];
+    return { props, additional };
+}
+
+function r(name) {
+    return { ref: name };
+}
+
+const typeMap = {
+};
+
+module.exports = {
+    "topLevelToJson": topLevelToJson,
+    "toTopLevel": toTopLevel,
+};
diff --git a/head/schema-kotlin/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.kt b/head/schema-kotlin/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..986aa54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-kotlin/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// To parse the JSON, install Klaxon and do:
+//
+//   val topLevel = TopLevel.fromJson(jsonString)
+
+package quicktype
+
+import com.beust.klaxon.*
+
+private val klaxon = Klaxon()
+
+class TopLevel(elements: Map<String, Any?>) : HashMap<String, Any?>(elements) {
+    public fun toJson() = klaxon.toJsonString(this)
+
+    companion object {
+        public fun fromJson(json: String) = TopLevel (
+            klaxon.parseJsonObject(java.io.StringReader(json)) as Map<String, Any?>
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-kotlin-jackson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.kt b/head/schema-kotlin-jackson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7886bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-kotlin-jackson/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// To parse the JSON, install jackson-module-kotlin and do:
+//
+//   val topLevel = TopLevel.fromJson(jsonString)
+
+package quicktype
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.*
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.*
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.std.StdDeserializer
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.module.SimpleModule
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.*
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.StdSerializer
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.module.kotlin.*
+
+val mapper = jacksonObjectMapper().apply {
+    propertyNamingStrategy = PropertyNamingStrategy.LOWER_CAMEL_CASE
+    setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+}
+
+class TopLevel(elements: Map<String, Any?>) : HashMap<String, Any?>(elements) {
+    fun toJson() = mapper.writeValueAsString(this)
+
+    companion object {
+        fun fromJson(json: String) = mapper.readValue<TopLevel>(json)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-kotlinx/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.kt b/head/schema-kotlinx/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94052fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-kotlinx/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// To parse the JSON, install kotlin's serialization plugin and do:
+//
+// val json     = Json { allowStructuredMapKeys = true }
+// val topLevel = json.parse(TopLevel.serializer(), jsonString)
+
+package quicktype
+
+import kotlinx.serialization.*
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.*
+import kotlinx.serialization.descriptors.*
+import kotlinx.serialization.encoding.*
+
+typealias TopLevel = HashMap<String, JsonElement?>
diff --git a/head/schema-pike/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.pmod b/head/schema-pike/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.pmod
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74ed9f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-pike/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.pmod
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// This source has been automatically generated by quicktype.
+// ( https://github.com/quicktype/quicktype )
+//
+// To use this code, simply import it into your project as a Pike module.
+// To JSON-encode your object, you can pass it to `Standards.JSON.encode`
+// or call `encode_json` on it.
+//
+// To decode a JSON string, first pass it to `Standards.JSON.decode`,
+// and then pass the result to `<YourClass>_from_JSON`.
+// It will return an instance of <YourClass>.
+// Bear in mind that these functions have unexpected behavior,
+// and will likely throw an error, if the JSON string does not
+// match the expected interface, even if the JSON itself is valid.
+
+typedef mapping(string:mixed) TopLevel;
+
+TopLevel TopLevel_from_JSON(mixed json) {
+    mapping(string:mixed) retval = ([]);
+    foreach (json; string k; mixed v) {
+        retval[k] = (mixed) v;
+    }
+    return retval;
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-python/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.py b/head/schema-python/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e96084b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-python/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, Callable
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def from_dict(f: Callable[[Any], T], x: Any) -> dict[str, T]:
+    assert isinstance(x, dict)
+    return { k: f(v) for (k, v) in x.items() }
+
+
+def top_level_from_dict(s: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return from_dict(lambda x: x, s)
+
+
+def top_level_to_dict(x: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+    return from_dict(lambda x: x, x)
diff --git a/head/schema-ruby/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.rb b/head/schema-ruby/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71a42e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-ruby/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# This code may look unusually verbose for Ruby (and it is), but
+# it performs some subtle and complex validation of JSON data.
+#
+# To parse this JSON, add 'dry-struct' and 'dry-types' gems, then do:
+#
+#   top_level = TopLevel.from_json! "{…}"
+#   puts top_level["…"]
+#
+# If from_json! succeeds, the value returned matches the schema.
+
+require 'json'
+require 'dry-types'
+require 'dry-struct'
+
+module Types
+  include Dry.Types(default: :nominal)
+
+  Hash = Strict::Hash
+end
+
+class TopLevel
+  def self.from_json!(json)
+    Types::Hash[JSON.parse(json, quirks_mode: true)].map { |k, v| [k, Types::Any[v]] }.to_h
+  end
+end
diff --git a/head/schema-rust/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/module_under_test.rs b/head/schema-rust/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/module_under_test.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb01ecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-rust/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/module_under_test.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Example code that deserializes and serializes the model.
+// extern crate serde;
+// #[macro_use]
+// extern crate serde_derive;
+// extern crate serde_json;
+//
+// use generated_module::TopLevel;
+//
+// fn main() {
+//     let json = r#"{"answer": 42}"#;
+//     let model: TopLevel = serde_json::from_str(&json).unwrap();
+// }
+
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+pub type TopLevel = HashMap<String, Option<serde_json::Value>>;
diff --git a/head/schema-scala3/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.scala b/head/schema-scala3/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1cb12a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-scala3/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package quicktype
+
+import io.circe.syntax._
+import io.circe._
+import cats.syntax.functor._
+
+// If a union has a null in, then we'll need this too... 
+type NullValue = None.type
+
+type TopLevel = Map[String, Option[Json]]
+
+given (using ev : Option[Json]): Encoder[Map[String, Option[Json]]] = Encoder.encodeMap[String, Option[Json]]
diff --git a/head/schema-scala3-upickle/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.scala b/head/schema-scala3-upickle/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c36a6c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-scala3-upickle/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package quicktype
+
+// Custom pickler so that missing keys and JSON nulls both read as None,
+// and None is left out when writing (upickle's default for Option is a
+// JSON array).
+object OptionPickler extends upickle.AttributeTagged:
+    import upickle.default.Writer
+    import upickle.default.Reader
+    override implicit def OptionWriter[T: Writer]: Writer[Option[T]] =
+        implicitly[Writer[T]].comap[Option[T]] {
+            case None => null.asInstanceOf[T]
+            case Some(x) => x
+        }
+
+    override implicit def OptionReader[T: Reader]: Reader[Option[T]] = {
+        new Reader.Delegate[Any, Option[T]](implicitly[Reader[T]].map(Some(_))){
+        override def visitNull(index: Int) = None
+        }
+    }
+end OptionPickler
+
+// If a union has a null in, then we'll need this too...
+type NullValue = None.type
+given OptionPickler.ReadWriter[NullValue] = OptionPickler.readwriter[ujson.Value].bimap[NullValue](
+    _ => ujson.Null,
+    json => if json.isNull then None else throw new upickle.core.Abort("not null")
+)
+
+object JsonExt:
+    val valueReader = OptionPickler.readwriter[ujson.Value]
+
+    // upickle's built-in primitive readers are lenient -- the numeric and
+    // boolean readers accept strings, and the string reader accepts
+    // numbers and booleans -- so untagged unions need strict readers to
+    // pick the right member.
+    val strictString: OptionPickler.Reader[String] = valueReader.map {
+        case ujson.Str(s) => s
+        case json => throw new upickle.core.Abort("expected string, got " + json)
+    }
+    val strictLong: OptionPickler.Reader[Long] = valueReader.map {
+        case ujson.Num(n) if n.isWhole => n.toLong
+        case json => throw new upickle.core.Abort("expected integer, got " + json)
+    }
+    val strictDouble: OptionPickler.Reader[Double] = valueReader.map {
+        case ujson.Num(n) => n
+        case json => throw new upickle.core.Abort("expected number, got " + json)
+    }
+    val strictBoolean: OptionPickler.Reader[Boolean] = valueReader.map {
+        case ujson.Bool(b) => b
+        case json => throw new upickle.core.Abort("expected boolean, got " + json)
+    }
+
+    def badMerge[T](r1: => OptionPickler.Reader[?], rest: OptionPickler.Reader[?]*): OptionPickler.Reader[T] = valueReader.map { json =>
+        var t: T | Null = null
+        val stack       = Vector.newBuilder[Throwable]
+        (r1 +: rest).foreach { reader =>
+            if t == null then
+            try
+                t = OptionPickler.read[T](json, trace = true)(using reader.asInstanceOf[OptionPickler.Reader[T]])
+            catch
+                case exc => stack += exc
+        }
+        if t != null then t.nn else throw new Exception(json.toString(), stack.result().headOption.getOrElse(null))
+    }
+end JsonExt
+
+
+type TopLevel = Map[String, Option[ujson.Value]]
diff --git a/head/schema-schema/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.schema b/head/schema-schema/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.schema
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26406c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-schema/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.schema
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+    "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": {},
+    "definitions": {}
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-swift/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.swift b/head/schema-swift/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15ca53b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-swift/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/quicktype.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+// This file was generated from JSON Schema using quicktype, do not modify it directly.
+// To parse the JSON, add this file to your project and do:
+//
+//   let topLevel = try TopLevel(json)
+import Foundation
+
+typealias TopLevel = [String: JSONAny]
+
+extension Dictionary where Key == String, Value == JSONAny {
+    init(data: Data) throws {
+        self = try newJSONDecoder().decode(TopLevel.self, from: data)
+    }
+
+    init(_ json: String, using encoding: String.Encoding = .utf8) throws {
+        guard let data = json.data(using: encoding) else {
+            throw NSError(domain: "JSONDecoding", code: 0, userInfo: nil)
+        }
+        try self.init(data: data)
+    }
+
+    init(fromURL url: URL) throws {
+        try self.init(data: try Data(contentsOf: url))
+    }
+
+    func jsonData() throws -> Data {
+        return try newJSONEncoder().encode(self)
+    }
+
+    func jsonString(encoding: String.Encoding = .utf8) throws -> String? {
+        return String(data: try self.jsonData(), encoding: encoding)
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - Helper functions for creating encoders and decoders
+
+func newJSONDecoder() -> JSONDecoder {
+    let decoder = JSONDecoder()
+    decoder.dateDecodingStrategy = .custom({ (decoder) -> Date in
+        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
+        let dateStr = try container.decode(String.self)
+
+        let formatter = DateFormatter()
+        formatter.calendar = Calendar(identifier: .iso8601)
+        formatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
+        formatter.timeZone = TimeZone(secondsFromGMT: 0)
+        formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXXXX"
+        if let date = formatter.date(from: dateStr) {
+            return date
+        }
+        formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssXXXXX"
+        if let date = formatter.date(from: dateStr) {
+            return date
+        }
+        throw DecodingError.typeMismatch(Date.self, DecodingError.Context(codingPath: decoder.codingPath, debugDescription: "Could not decode date"))
+    })
+    return decoder
+}
+
+func newJSONEncoder() -> JSONEncoder {
+    let encoder = JSONEncoder()
+    let formatter = DateFormatter()
+    formatter.calendar = Calendar(identifier: .iso8601)
+    formatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
+    formatter.timeZone = TimeZone(secondsFromGMT: 0)
+    formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssXXXXX"
+    encoder.dateEncodingStrategy = .formatted(formatter)
+    return encoder
+}
+
+// MARK: - Encode/decode helpers
+
+class JSONNull: Codable, Hashable {
+
+    public static func == (lhs: JSONNull, rhs: JSONNull) -> Bool {
+        return true
+    }
+
+    public func hash(into hasher: inout Hasher) {
+        hasher.combine(0)
+    }
+
+    public init() {}
+
+    public required init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
+        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
+        if !container.decodeNil() {
+            throw DecodingError.typeMismatch(JSONNull.self, DecodingError.Context(codingPath: decoder.codingPath, debugDescription: "Wrong type for JSONNull"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
+        var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
+        try container.encodeNil()
+    }
+}
+
+class JSONCodingKey: CodingKey {
+    let key: String
+
+    required init?(intValue: Int) {
+        return nil
+    }
+
+    required init?(stringValue: String) {
+        key = stringValue
+    }
+
+    var intValue: Int? {
+        return nil
+    }
+
+    var stringValue: String {
+        return key
+    }
+}
+
+class JSONAny: Codable {
+
+    let value: Any
+
+    static func decodingError(forCodingPath codingPath: [CodingKey]) -> DecodingError {
+        let context = DecodingError.Context(codingPath: codingPath, debugDescription: "Cannot decode JSONAny")
+        return DecodingError.typeMismatch(JSONAny.self, context)
+    }
+
+    static func encodingError(forValue value: Any, codingPath: [CodingKey]) -> EncodingError {
+        let context = EncodingError.Context(codingPath: codingPath, debugDescription: "Cannot encode JSONAny")
+        return EncodingError.invalidValue(value, context)
+    }
+
+    static func decode(from container: SingleValueDecodingContainer) throws -> Any {
+        if let value = try? container.decode(Bool.self) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if let value = try? container.decode(Int64.self) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if let value = try? container.decode(Double.self) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if let value = try? container.decode(String.self) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if container.decodeNil() {
+            return JSONNull()
+        }
+        throw decodingError(forCodingPath: container.codingPath)
+    }
+
+    static func decode(from container: inout UnkeyedDecodingContainer) throws -> Any {
+        if let value = try? container.decode(Bool.self) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if let value = try? container.decode(Int64.self) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if let value = try? container.decode(Double.self) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if let value = try? container.decode(String.self) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if let value = try? container.decodeNil() {
+            if value {
+                return JSONNull()
+            }
+        }
+        if var container = try? container.nestedUnkeyedContainer() {
+            return try decodeArray(from: &container)
+        }
+        if var container = try? container.nestedContainer(keyedBy: JSONCodingKey.self) {
+            return try decodeDictionary(from: &container)
+        }
+        throw decodingError(forCodingPath: container.codingPath)
+    }
+
+    static func decode(from container: inout KeyedDecodingContainer<JSONCodingKey>, forKey key: JSONCodingKey) throws -> Any {
+        if let value = try? container.decode(Bool.self, forKey: key) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if let value = try? container.decode(Int64.self, forKey: key) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if let value = try? container.decode(Double.self, forKey: key) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if let value = try? container.decode(String.self, forKey: key) {
+            return value
+        }
+        if let value = try? container.decodeNil(forKey: key) {
+            if value {
+                return JSONNull()
+            }
+        }
+        if var container = try? container.nestedUnkeyedContainer(forKey: key) {
+            return try decodeArray(from: &container)
+        }
+        if var container = try? container.nestedContainer(keyedBy: JSONCodingKey.self, forKey: key) {
+            return try decodeDictionary(from: &container)
+        }
+        throw decodingError(forCodingPath: container.codingPath)
+    }
+
+    static func decodeArray(from container: inout UnkeyedDecodingContainer) throws -> [Any] {
+        var arr: [Any] = []
+        while !container.isAtEnd {
+            let value = try decode(from: &container)
+            arr.append(value)
+        }
+        return arr
+    }
+
+    static func decodeDictionary(from container: inout KeyedDecodingContainer<JSONCodingKey>) throws -> [String: Any] {
+        var dict = [String: Any]()
+        for key in container.allKeys {
+            let value = try decode(from: &container, forKey: key)
+            dict[key.stringValue] = value
+        }
+        return dict
+    }
+
+    static func encode(to container: inout UnkeyedEncodingContainer, array: [Any]) throws {
+        for value in array {
+            if let value = value as? Bool {
+                try container.encode(value)
+            } else if let value = value as? Int64 {
+                try container.encode(value)
+            } else if let value = value as? Double {
+                try container.encode(value)
+            } else if let value = value as? String {
+                try container.encode(value)
+            } else if value is JSONNull {
+                try container.encodeNil()
+            } else if let value = value as? [Any] {
+                var container = container.nestedUnkeyedContainer()
+                try encode(to: &container, array: value)
+            } else if let value = value as? [String: Any] {
+                var container = container.nestedContainer(keyedBy: JSONCodingKey.self)
+                try encode(to: &container, dictionary: value)
+            } else {
+                throw encodingError(forValue: value, codingPath: container.codingPath)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static func encode(to container: inout KeyedEncodingContainer<JSONCodingKey>, dictionary: [String: Any]) throws {
+        for (key, value) in dictionary {
+            let key = JSONCodingKey(stringValue: key)!
+            if let value = value as? Bool {
+                try container.encode(value, forKey: key)
+            } else if let value = value as? Int64 {
+                try container.encode(value, forKey: key)
+            } else if let value = value as? Double {
+                try container.encode(value, forKey: key)
+            } else if let value = value as? String {
+                try container.encode(value, forKey: key)
+            } else if value is JSONNull {
+                try container.encodeNil(forKey: key)
+            } else if let value = value as? [Any] {
+                var container = container.nestedUnkeyedContainer(forKey: key)
+                try encode(to: &container, array: value)
+            } else if let value = value as? [String: Any] {
+                var container = container.nestedContainer(keyedBy: JSONCodingKey.self, forKey: key)
+                try encode(to: &container, dictionary: value)
+            } else {
+                throw encodingError(forValue: value, codingPath: container.codingPath)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static func encode(to container: inout SingleValueEncodingContainer, value: Any) throws {
+        if let value = value as? Bool {
+            try container.encode(value)
+        } else if let value = value as? Int64 {
+            try container.encode(value)
+        } else if let value = value as? Double {
+            try container.encode(value)
+        } else if let value = value as? String {
+            try container.encode(value)
+        } else if value is JSONNull {
+            try container.encodeNil()
+        } else {
+            throw encodingError(forValue: value, codingPath: container.codingPath)
+        }
+    }
+
+    public required init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
+        if var arrayContainer = try? decoder.unkeyedContainer() {
+            self.value = try JSONAny.decodeArray(from: &arrayContainer)
+        } else if var container = try? decoder.container(keyedBy: JSONCodingKey.self) {
+            self.value = try JSONAny.decodeDictionary(from: &container)
+        } else {
+            let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
+            self.value = try JSONAny.decode(from: container)
+        }
+    }
+
+    public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
+        if let arr = self.value as? [Any] {
+            var container = encoder.unkeyedContainer()
+            try JSONAny.encode(to: &container, array: arr)
+        } else if let dict = self.value as? [String: Any] {
+            var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: JSONCodingKey.self)
+            try JSONAny.encode(to: &container, dictionary: dict)
+        } else {
+            var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
+            try JSONAny.encode(to: &container, value: self.value)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/head/schema-typescript/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.ts b/head/schema-typescript/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11ba7ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/head/schema-typescript/test/inputs/schema/empty-object.schema/default/TopLevel.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+// To parse this data:
+//
+//   import { Convert } from "./TopLevel";
+//
+//   const topLevel = Convert.toTopLevel(json);
+//
+// These functions will throw an error if the JSON doesn't
+// match the expected interface, even if the JSON is valid.
+
+export type TopLevel = { [key: string]: unknown };
+
+// Converts JSON strings to/from your types
+// and asserts the results of JSON.parse at runtime
+export class Convert {
+    public static toTopLevel(json: string): { [key: string]: unknown } {
+        return cast(JSON.parse(json), m("any"));
+    }
+
+    public static topLevelToJson(value: { [key: string]: unknown }): string {
+        return JSON.stringify(uncast(value, m("any")), null, 2);
+    }
+}
+
+function invalidValue(typ: any, val: any, key: any, parent: any = ''): never {
+    const prettyTyp = prettyTypeName(typ);
+    const parentText = parent ? ` on ${parent}` : '';
+    const keyText = key ? ` for key "${key}"` : '';
+    throw Error(`Invalid value${keyText}${parentText}. Expected ${prettyTyp} but got ${JSON.stringify(val)}`);
+}
+
+function prettyTypeName(typ: any): string {
+    if (Array.isArray(typ)) {
+        if (typ.length === 2 && typ[0] === undefined) {
+            return `an optional ${prettyTypeName(typ[1])}`;
+        } else {
+            return `one of [${typ.map(a => { return prettyTypeName(a); }).join(", ")}]`;
+        }
+    } else if (typeof typ === "object" && typ.literal !== undefined) {
+        return typ.literal;
+    } else {
+        return typeof typ;
+    }
+}
+
+function jsonToJSProps(typ: any): any {
+    if (typ.jsonToJS === undefined) {
+        const map: any = {};
+        typ.props.forEach((p: any) => map[p.json] = { key: p.js, typ: p.typ });
+        typ.jsonToJS = map;
+    }
+    return typ.jsonToJS;
+}
+
+function jsToJSONProps(typ: any): any {
+    if (typ.jsToJSON === undefined) {
+        const map: any = {};
+        typ.props.forEach((p: any) => map[p.js] = { key: p.json, typ: p.typ });
+        typ.jsToJSON = map;
+    }
+    return typ.jsToJSON;
+}
+
+function transform(val: any, typ: any, getProps: any, key: any = '', parent: any = ''): any {
+    function transformPrimitive(typ: string, val: any): any {
+        if (typeof typ === typeof val) return val;
+        return invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    }
+
+    function transformUnion(typs: any[], val: any): any {
+        // val must validate against one typ in typs
+        const l = typs.length;
+        for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+            const typ = typs[i];
+            try {
+                return transform(val, typ, getProps);
+            } catch (_) {}
+        }
+        return invalidValue(typs, val, key, parent);
+    }
+
+    function transformEnum(cases: string[], val: any): any {
+        if (cases.indexOf(val) !== -1) return val;
+        return invalidValue(cases.map(a => { return l(a); }), val, key, parent);
+    }
+
+    function transformArray(typ: any, val: any): any {
+        // val must be an array with no invalid elements
+        if (!Array.isArray(val)) return invalidValue(l("array"), val, key, parent);
+        return val.map(el => transform(el, typ, getProps));
+    }
+
+    function transformDate(val: any): any {
+        if (val === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        const d = new Date(val);
+        if (isNaN(d.valueOf())) {
+            return invalidValue(l("Date"), val, key, parent);
+        }
+        return d;
+    }
+
+    function transformObject(props: { [k: string]: any }, additional: any, val: any): any {
+        if (val === null || typeof val !== "object" || Array.isArray(val)) {
+            return invalidValue(l(ref || "object"), val, key, parent);
+        }
+        const result: any = {};
+        Object.getOwnPropertyNames(props).forEach(key => {
+            const prop = props[key];
+            const v = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(val, key) ? val[key] : undefined;
+            result[prop.key] = transform(v, prop.typ, getProps, key, ref);
+        });
+        Object.getOwnPropertyNames(val).forEach(key => {
+            if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(props, key)) {
+                result[key] = transform(val[key], additional, getProps, key, ref);
+            }
+        });
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    if (typ === "any") return val;
+    if (typ === null) {
+        if (val === null) return val;
+        return invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    }
+    if (typ === false) return invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    let ref: any = undefined;
+    while (typeof typ === "object" && typ.ref !== undefined) {
+        ref = typ.ref;
+        typ = typeMap[typ.ref];
+    }
+    if (Array.isArray(typ)) return transformEnum(typ, val);
+    if (typeof typ === "object") {
+        return typ.hasOwnProperty("unionMembers") ? transformUnion(typ.unionMembers, val)
+            : typ.hasOwnProperty("arrayItems")    ? transformArray(typ.arrayItems, val)
+            : typ.hasOwnProperty("props")         ? transformObject(getProps(typ), typ.additional, val)
+            : invalidValue(typ, val, key, parent);
+    }
+    // Numbers can be parsed by Date but shouldn't be.
+    if (typ === Date && typeof val !== "number") return transformDate(val);
+    return transformPrimitive(typ, val);
+}
+
+function cast<T>(val: any, typ: any): T {
+    return transform(val, typ, jsonToJSProps);
+}
+
+function uncast<T>(val: T, typ: any): any {
+    return transform(val, typ, jsToJSONProps);
+}
+
+function l(typ: any) {
+    return { literal: typ };
+}
+
+function a(typ: any) {
+    return { arrayItems: typ };
+}
+
+function u(...typs: any[]) {
+    return { unionMembers: typs };
+}
+
+function o(props: any[], additional: any) {
+    return { props, additional };
+}
+
+function m(additional: any) {
+    const props: any[] = [];
+    return { props, additional };
+}
+
+function r(name: string) {
+    return { ref: name };
+}
+
+const typeMap: any = {
+};
diff --git a/base/schema-typescript/test/inputs/schema/top-level-primitive.schema/default/TopLevel.ts b/head/schema-typescript/test/inputs/schema/top-level-primitive.schema/default/TopLevel.ts
index 3583a59..9ef9874 100644
--- a/base/schema-typescript/test/inputs/schema/top-level-primitive.schema/default/TopLevel.ts
+++ b/head/schema-typescript/test/inputs/schema/top-level-primitive.schema/default/TopLevel.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 /**
  * Top level primitive
  */
-type TopLevel = number;
+export type TopLevel = number;
 
 // Converts JSON strings to/from your types
 // and asserts the results of JSON.parse at runtime
diff --git a/base/typescript/test/inputs/json/misc/ed095.json/default/TopLevel.ts b/head/typescript/test/inputs/json/misc/ed095.json/default/TopLevel.ts
index 543025e..333f448 100644
--- a/base/typescript/test/inputs/json/misc/ed095.json/default/TopLevel.ts
+++ b/head/typescript/test/inputs/json/misc/ed095.json/default/TopLevel.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 // These functions will throw an error if the JSON doesn't
 // match the expected interface, even if the JSON is valid.
 
+export type TopLevel = { [key: string]: string };
+
 // Converts JSON strings to/from your types
 // and asserts the results of JSON.parse at runtime
 export class Convert {
diff --git a/base/typescript/test/inputs/json/priority/no-classes.json/default/TopLevel.ts b/head/typescript/test/inputs/json/priority/no-classes.json/default/TopLevel.ts
index a40d1fa..7cbecd1 100644
--- a/base/typescript/test/inputs/json/priority/no-classes.json/default/TopLevel.ts
+++ b/head/typescript/test/inputs/json/priority/no-classes.json/default/TopLevel.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 // These functions will throw an error if the JSON doesn't
 // match the expected interface, even if the JSON is valid.
 
-type TopLevel = number;
+export type TopLevel = number;
 
 // Converts JSON strings to/from your types
 // and asserts the results of JSON.parse at runtime